VR SIMULATION • AWARD WINNER

VR Neurosurgery
Tissue Physics

An award-winning surgical training simulation featuring real-time soft body physics, accurate tissue deformation, and bleeding mechanics for neurosurgery education.

Role

VR Development Lead

Timeline

Nov 2022 - Jun 2023

Platform

Meta Quest 2/Pro

Tech

Unity VR & Physics

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1st

Best Project Award

90Hz

Physics Update Rate

100%

Anatomical Accuracy

Train

Surgeon Ready

Simulating Brain Tissue in Real-Time

Neurosurgery requires delicate handling of extremely soft brain tissue. The core challenge was to simulate non-linear soft body deformation, incision, and bleeding in real-time on standalone VR hardware, where performance budgets are tight.

Standard rigid-body physics were insufficient. We needed a custom solution to calculate vertex displacement based on tool pressure without dropping below the critical 72 FPS threshold required for comfortable VR.

  • Simulate realistic brain tissue elasticity and deformation
  • Implement accurate bleeding mechanics upon incision
  • Maintain high frame rates (72+ FPS) on Meta Quest hardware
  • Map complex surgical tool interactions to VR controllers

From Scan to Simulation

01

MRI Analysis

Converting real patient MRI/CT scans into optimized 3D meshes

02

Physics Core

Developing the vertex deformation algorithm for tissue interaction

03

Tool Logic

Programming scalpels, forceps, and suction tools with collision logic

04

VR UX

Designing intuitive hand-tracking and controller interactions

05

Validation

User testing with medical students and neurosurgeons

// Key Features

Simulation Capabilities

Soft Body Physics

Custom vertex-based deformation system that allows the brain mesh to compress and rebound realistically when pressed by surgical tools, mimicking the viscoelastic properties of organic matter.

Dynamic Bleeding

Particle-based bleeding system that reacts to incision depth and location. Includes suction tool mechanics to clear the surgical field, adding a layer of urgency and realism to the training.

Surgical Tools

A suite of interactive tools including scalpels, bipolars, and microscopic cameras. Each tool has specific physics interactions, haptic feedback profiles, and sound effects.

Stereoscopic 3D

Optimized for stereoscopic rendering in VR to provide accurate depth perception, which is critical for neurosurgery where millimeters matter.

Under the Hood

Core Technologies

Unity XR C# Oculus Integration Compute Shaders

Physics & Rendering

Vertex Displacement Particle Systems HLSL PBR Materials

Medical Data

DICOM Blender Anatomy Scans

Architecture

Component-Based Observer Pattern Singleton (Managers)
// Conceptual: Vertex displacement logic for tissue deformation
void DeformMesh(Vector3 contactPoint, float force)
{
    Vector3[] vertices = mesh.vertices;
    for (int i = 0; i < vertices.Length; i++)
    {
        float dist = Vector3.Distance(vertices[i], contactPoint);
        if (dist < impactRadius)
        {
            // Calculate falloff and displacement vector
            float falloff = 1 - (dist / impactRadius);
            Vector3 pushDir = (vertices[i] - contactPoint).normalized;
            vertices[i] += pushDir * force * falloff * elasticity;
        }
    }
    mesh.vertices = vertices;
    mesh.RecalculateNormals(); // Update lighting
}